TEDE Coleção:

Análise parasitológica e microbiológica de alface (Lactuca Sativa L.) comercializados em São Luís, Maranhão

2026-09-09T12:53:46Z

Título: Análise parasitológica e microbiológica de alface (Lactuca Sativa L.) comercializados em São Luís, Maranhão Autor: VIANA, Pâmela Ruth Santos Primeiro orientador: FIRMO, Wellyson da Cunha Araújo Abstract: Lettuce (Lactuca sativa Linn) is the most consumed leafy vegetable in the world. And with that, there is a growing concern about the sanitary quality of this food, as this vegetable can be contaminated by pathogenic enterobacteria and parasites arising from its production, handling and exposure during sale. Considering these aspects, the present work aimed to analyze the parasitic forms, total and thermotolerant coliforms and other enterobacteria in lettuce sold in large markets in the city of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. The present work is a cross-sectional epidemiological study with a quantitative approach. Lettuce samples were collected in the morning, from sellers of six municipal markets, classified as A, B, C, D, E and F. The sampling unit was the head of curly variety lettuce with the traditional cultivation system. The collected samples were identified, packaged, and subsequently processed. For parasitological evaluation and visualization of helminth eggs and larvae and protozoan cysts, three different methodologies were used (Baermann-Moraes, Hoffman, Pons and Janer and Faust). The quantification of total and thermotolerant coliforms was performed using the multiple tube test, and the result was quantified in Most Probable Number (MPN/g). For the identification of enterobacteria, the Enterokit B® was used. Of the 60 samples collected, 88.33% showed parasitological contamination. The protozoa found were: Balantidium coli (85.00%), Giardia lamblia (30.00%), Entamoeba coli (18.33%), Endolimax nana (8.33%) and Blastocystis hominis (3.33%) and helminths, Hookworms (43.33%), Hymenolepis nana (35.00%), Strongyloides stercoralis (26.66%), Toxocara canis (11.66%), Dipilidium caninum (10.00%), Ascaris lumbricoides (5.00%), Fasciola hepatica (3.33%) and Taenia sp. (1.66%). All lettuce samples showed total and thermotolerant coliforms, and of these, 48.33% were unfit for consumption, following the Resolution of the Collegiate Board No. 12/01 of the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA). About 20.00% of the samples showed contamination by Escherichia coli, which is an important microbiological indicator of fecal contamination. The data obtained from this study demonstrate the occurrence of contaminants present in lettuce sold in the region, and it is recommended that corrective actions be carried out by ANVISA, directed at marketers and producers of this food, to clarify the need to improve cultivation conditions, exposure and commercialization of this food. And with that prevent the population of cases of gastrointestinal infections caused by the ingestion of contaminated vegetables. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação

Vínculo humano-cão, crenças em saúde e percepção de tutores sobre parasitos gastrointestinais caninos na perspectiva da saúde única

2026-07-13T13:46:36Z

Título: Vínculo humano-cão, crenças em saúde e percepção de tutores sobre parasitos gastrointestinais caninos na perspectiva da saúde única Autor: AGUIAR, Janaína Monteles Primeiro orientador: SILVA, Carolina Rocha e Abstract: This dissertation analyzes the perception of dog owners regarding canine gastrointestinal nematodes, highlighting the interrelationship between the human- dog bond, health beliefs, and preventive behaviors associated with zoonoses. The domestication of dogs has transformed their function from utilitarian animals to central members of family dynamics, intensifying contact between humans and dogs and presenting public health challenges, such as the transmission of infectious agents. Adopting the One Health approach, the research uses the Health Belief Model (HBM) to explore how cognitive factors influence preventive behaviors. The central objective is to identify determinants of health care and promote effective interventions. The dissertation is divided into three chapters: 1. Human-dog relationship in the context of health and well-being: An integrative review; 2. Human- dog bond and its association with sociodemographic characteristics of guardian in São Luís Island, Maranhão; 3 Knowledge, risk perception, and preventive practices of dog owners regarding canine gastrointestinal parasites on São Luís Island, Maranhão. A study focused on the beliefs and practices of dog owners. The results indicate a strong affective bond between owners and dogs, with variables such as gender, age, and marital status influencing this relationship. The sample is predominantly female, with a medium level of education, and the data reveal barriers to the adoption of parasite control practices. The need for educational interventions to increase awareness about parasite control and promote canine health is evident. The conclusions point to the urgency of informative strategies and facilitated access to effective products to ensure canine well-being in the region. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação

RECUPERAÇÃO ECOLÓGICA DA RESTINGA DA PRAIA DE PANAQUATIRA, SÃO JOSÉ DE RIBAMAR, MARANHÃO

2026-07-10T12:38:52Z

Título: RECUPERAÇÃO ECOLÓGICA DA RESTINGA DA PRAIA DE PANAQUATIRA, SÃO JOSÉ DE RIBAMAR, MARANHÃO Autor: MARQUES, Rôlzele Robson Primeiro orientador: ZANANDREA, Ilisandra Abstract: Restinga is a resilient coastal ecosystem, but it is vulnerable to anthropogenic pressures and severe abiotic conditions, such as high solar radiation, wind exposure, salinity, and seasonal water deficit. This study was structured into two chapters, integrating a theoretical approach and a field-based analysis. Chapter 1, entitled “Restoration of restinga ecosystems: techniques, challenges, and perspectives for the recovery of coastal ecosystems”, consisted of an integrative review of restoration strategies applied to restinga ecosystems. The review indicated that nucleation and natural regeneration are promising and low-cost alternatives, although their effectiveness depends on the environmental conditions and degradation history of each site. Chapter 2, entitled “Natural regeneration of the Panaquatira restinga, São José de Ribamar”, evaluated Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) in a restinga area in Maranhão after the removal of invasive species. The objective of this study was to characterize the physiognomy and floristic composition of areas undergoing restoration, identifying functional groups and assessing the influence of climatic seasonality on plant community structure. For this purpose, permanent plots were established in two areas with distinct physiognomies, and individuals with stem diameter at the base (SDB) ≥ 3 cm were monitored across four field campaigns. Phytosociological parameters, diversity, floristic similarity, and temporal responses of the community were analyzed using linear mixed models. A total of 808 individuals were recorded, distributed among 29 species and 13 families, with a predominance of native species and pioneer groups. The results indicated positive responses of the vegetation to ANR, particularly through the role of woody species in increasing canopy cover and promoting the structural development of the community. Environmental differences between the areas influenced regeneration structure, highlighting the importance of factors such as solar radiation, wind exposure, and water availability. Climatic seasonality also influenced species richness and abundance, with greater recruitment during the rainy season and ecological limitations during the dry season. Temporal monitoring revealed that the dry season was associated with structural simplification of the community and increased dominance of a few species, whereas the return of rainfall favored recruitment. During the rainy season, new species records represented 48.27% of the observed richness, with a predominance of representatives of the families Poaceae and Fabaceae, and floristic dissimilarity reached 0.45 in relation to previous periods. These results suggest that the restoration of restinga ecosystems in Maranhão responds positively to management interventions, but remains strongly conditioned by climatic seasonality. The survival of herbaceous species was limited by water deficit, reinforcing the need for long-term monitoring. Thus, ANR represents a viable strategy to promote ecological succession in restinga ecosystems, and further studies are recommended to evaluate the transition to more advanced successional stages and the influence of variables such as wind, humidity, and water availability on ecosystem stability. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação

Análise espacial da tuberculose pulmonar na população negra no estado do Maranhão de 2010 a 2024

2026-06-19T18:04:31Z

Título: Análise espacial da tuberculose pulmonar na população negra no estado do Maranhão de 2010 a 2024 Autor: MONTELO, Elivelton Sousa Primeiro orientador: SARDINHA, Ana Hélia de Lima Abstract: Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains one of the leading public health problems in Brazil and worldwide, accounting for high rates of morbidity and mortality. The pulmonary form is the most prevalent and epidemiologically relevant, as it represents the main route of transmission and accounts for most hospital admissions. This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of hospitalizations due to pulmonary tuberculosis among the Black population in the state of Maranhão, Brazil, from 2010 to 2024. This is a retrospective ecological study based on data from the Brazilian Unified Health System Hospital Information System and population projections from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Hospitalization rates per 100,000 Black inhabitants were calculated and represented in thematic maps using QGIS (version 3.28.13)® and R (version 4.2.2)® software, applying Kernel density estimation and the Local Moran’s I (LISA) technique. A total of 960 hospitalizations for pulmonary tuberculosis were recorded among individuals self-identified as Black or Brown, of whom 68.0% were male and 53.4% were aged 30–59 years. Most cases occurred in inland municipalities (76.1%). Emergency admissions predominated (69.6%), and 96% of records referred to individuals identified as Brown. Spatial analysis revealed a heterogeneous and non-random pattern, with clusters of higher concentration in the central-northern and central-southern regions of the state. LISA identified statistically significant clusters (p < 0.05), with a High–High pattern in Fernando Falcão, Fortaleza dos Nogueiras, and Grajaú, and a Low–High pattern in Formosa da Serra Negra, São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, Colinas, Tuntum, São Luís Gonzaga do Maranhão, and Poção de Pedras. In conclusion, hospitalizations for pulmonary tuberculosis among the Black population in Maranhão show an unequal spatial distribution, reflecting the influence of racial and territorial factors on the occurrence and concentration of the disease in the state. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação