https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/708 2026-09-15T09:24:53Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/7216 Título: O sistema de garantia de direitos e a perícia especializada criminal de crianças e adolescentes no Maranhão: limites e perspectivas Autor: FERNANDES , Karen Andressa Pires Primeiro orientador: ARAUJO , Cleonice Correa Abstract: This study analyzes the structuring and operational dynamics of the Specialized Criminal Forensic Science Service directed at children and adolescents who are victims or witnesses of violence in the State of Maranhão, in light of the regulatory guidelines of the Rights Guarantee System (SGDCA) established by Law No. 13,431/2017. Anchored in historical-dialectical materialism and guided by theoretical frameworks on institutional violence and the microphysics of power, the research investigates the protective and criminal accountability role exercised by the Institute of Forensics for Children and Adolescents (IPCA) in São Luís. The methodological approach is based on documentary analysis and managerial data from institutional reports of the Official Criminal Forensics of Maranhão. The study reconstructs the exogenous genesis of the IPCA, born under the aegis of the friendly settlement before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) in the case of the "Emasculated Boys of Maranhão", highlighting the limits of purely bureaucratic institutional reforms. The results point to severe structural and managerial bottlenecks in the local forensic reality: physical and architectural inadequacies at the metropolitan headquarters that compromise the privacy of care and generate institutional revictimization; chronic territorial asymmetry characterized by the total absence of specialized child and adolescent forensic units in interior municipalities; informational opacity and fragmentation in the data transmission flow between security agencies; and an expressive deficit in the career technical staff, managed precariously through temporary labor ties. It is concluded that the mere introduction of isolated physical macrostructures is insufficient to ensure the Doctrine of Integral Protection. It becomes imperative to implement a paradigmatic shift that integrates intersectoral flows, standardizes operational protocols based on an age-group perspective, and establishes democratic channels of control and transparency, transforming protective efficacy from a regulatory precept into a concrete administrative reality. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2026-06-29T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/7215 Título: “Quem pariu, mantém e balance?”: uma análise da Política Nacional de Assistência Estudantil (PNAES) frente às demandas das estudantes-mães nos Estados do Pará e Maranhão. Autor: SOARES, Brenda Vanessa Pereira Primeiro orientador: FERREIRA, Maria Mary Abstract: This thesis proposed to analyze the student assistance actions aimed at student mothers implemented through PNAES in the States of Maranhão and Pará, represented, respectively, by the Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA) and the Federal University of Pará (UFPA), in order to identify whether and how they have contributed to ensuring the right to education at undergraduate level. To this end, as a theoretical contribution, dialectical historical materialism was used in a critical feminist perspective, in order to discuss the condition of women-mothers in a peripheral, patriarchal and racist capitalist society, marked by the sexual and racial division of labor. This was a qualitative study conducted through 15 (fifteen) mediated semi-structured interviews with student mothers with children aged 00 (zero) to 06 (six) years old who were beneficiaries of daycare assistance and early childhood assistance offered by UFMA and UFPA, respectively. As a result, analyzed using the content analysis technique, it was possible to understand that there is an undeniable persistence of inequalities that affect the lives of women mothers, perpetuating the “matriarchy of misery”, with negative consequences on all dimensions of these women's social lives, subjecting them daily to different expressions of the “social issue”, such as the difficulty of staying at university. Furthermore, on a legal level and in the implementation of PNAES through aid, it represents progress, but with many challenges to be overcome. In the reality of UFMA and UFPA, the initiatives remain restricted to the direct transfer of resources, and although the recognition of the beneficiary women interviewed is unanimous that this transfer contributed decisively to their retention and completion of their undergraduate courses, aid alone as it exists today is not enough to meet the diversity of their demands. Therefore, as suggestions for aid, they indicated: in the specificity of UFMA, the change of the name of the aid and its objective, in order to allow the covering of various expenses, in addition to educational ones; greater dissemination of notices and the reduction of bureaucracy, avoiding excessive documentation for requests or accountability and; the increase in the number of scholarships offered at institutions, as well as the value of aid. For universities, in general, they indicated the carrying out of Permanent Education actions with Administrative Technicians and Teachers professionals, so that they are not only sensitive to the needs of mothers, but also that they are aware of the legislation that guarantees their rights; actions to promote maternal mental health; a different approach to meeting the needs of atypical mothers. However, even more evident is the desire of those interviewed to build physical spaces of support and support in institutions, such as breastfeeding rooms, toy libraries and especially the university daycare center. Thus, although women can only be truly free and equal in a world organized by a sociability adverse to that of capital, this should not prevent the construction of public policies that serve to satisfy their most urgent interests, as every right that women conquer through their historical struggle brings them closer to the joint objective of total emancipation of the working class. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Tese 2026-06-12T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/7212 Título: A POLÍTICA DE ERRADICAÇÃO DO TRABALHO INFANTIL NO MARANHÃO (2016–2024): Uma avaliação de possíveis impactos a partir da PNAD Contínua Autor: SERRA, Taísa Guimaraes Primeiro orientador: LIMA, Valéria Ferreira Santos de Almada Abstract: This dissertation analyzes the potential impacts of the Child Labor Eradication Policy in the state of Maranhão from 2016 to 2024, based on data from the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNAD Continua). The study starts from the understanding that child labor is a historically produced and socially determined phenomenon, directly related to the structural inequalities that mark Brazilian social formation, especially in peripheral contexts characterized by poverty, informality, and the fragility of public policies. The research is guided by the following question: how did child labor indicators evolve in Maranhão between 2016 and 2024, and how does this evolution reveal the structural socioeconomic determinants that condition the effectiveness of the policy to eradicate this phenomenon in the state? The general objective is to evaluate the potential impacts of the Child Labor Eradication Policy in Maranhão, identifying trends, socioeconomic determinants, and structural limitations of the policy. The theoretical and methodological framework adopted is historicaldialectical materialism, understanding child labor as an expression of the contradictions between capital and labor and the reproduction of social inequalities. This is an evaluative research, with a mixed approach (quantitative-qualitative), based on descriptive and comparative analysis of data from the PNAD Contínua (Continuous National Household Sample Survey), articulated with a critical interpretation of specialized literature, national and international normative frameworks, and public policies to combat child labor. The results show that, although there have been reductions in the indicators throughout the historical series, Maranhão remains among the states with the highest rates of child labor in the country, especially in informal activities and the worst forms of exploitation. It is concluded that the limits of the policy to eradicate child labor are directly related to the persistence of structural determinants such as poverty, racial inequality, precariousness of adult work, and institutional fragility, demonstrating that normative and programmatic advances, although relevant, have not been sufficient to ensure the effective overcoming of the phenomenon. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2026-06-19T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/7211 Título: DEFICIÊNCIA, ANTICAPACITISMO E EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR: Uma avaliação de implementação do Programa Incluir na UFMA (2017-2025)    Autor: PEREIRA, Josenilde Oliveira Primeiro orientador: PEREIRA, Maria Eunice Ferreira Damasceno Abstract: The doctoral thesis entitled "Disability, Anti-Ableism, and Higher Education: An Evaluation of the Implementation of the Incluir Program at the UFMA (2017–2025)" examines the implementation of the Incluir Program—aimed at promoting accessibility in higher education—at the Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), with a particular focus on the São Luís campus. Its main objective is to evaluate the extent to which the actions implemented ensure access, retention, and effective participation of students with disabilities in higher education. The study is grounded in the Brazilian historical context, in which the enrollment of persons with disabilities in higher education has increased since the beginning of the twentyfirst century, followed—albeit belatedly—by the development of retention policies. It highlights that the concept of inclusion is characterized by ambiguities, as it has been appropriated both by multilateral organizations, aligned with a neoliberal rationale of resource optimization, and by social movements, which employ it as a tool in the struggle for rights. The research adopts a critical-dialectical theoretical perspective, understanding inclusive policies as contradictory phenomena: while they respond to the historical demands of persons with disabilities, they are also intertwined with the economic interests of the capitalist system. Within this framework, ableism is analyzed as a structural factor that hinders the realization of human rights by reinforcing inequalities and limiting full inclusion. Methodologically, this is a qualitative process evaluation based on bibliographical, documentary, and field research. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with managers and program implementers, as well as focus groups involving students with disabilities. The analysis considered institutional, political, social, and cultural factors influencing the implementation of the program. The findings indicate that although the Incluir Program represents an important advancement in promoting accessibility and inclusion within the university, its implementation is constrained by limitations such as insufficient resources, discontinuity of actions, and challenges in the institutionalization of inclusive policies. These factors directly affect the effectiveness of the program and the provision of adequate conditions for students' retention. The study concludes that the Incluir Program plays a significant role in advancing accessibility and inclusion, but operates within a context of structural contradictions. It underscores the need to strengthen the program and expand public policies that effectively guarantee the right to higher education for persons with disabilities, recognizing them as rights-bearing subjects within a framework of social justice. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Tese 2026-07-10T00:00:00Z