ATERRO HIDRÁULICO NAS BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS DO RIO ANIL E BACANGA, ILHA DE SÃO LUÍS – MA: IMPLICAÇÕES SOCIAIS, AMBIENTAIS E ECONÔMICAS

Abstract

This dissertation aimed to analyze the practice of hydraulic landfill in the Anil and Bacanga river basins in São Luís (MA), and its environmental, social, and economic impacts, considering the relationship between urban expansion, territorial planning, and integrated water resources management. The study was structured based on the development of four scientific articles that addressed different dimensions of the occupation and transformation of these basins, in addition to an analysis of environmental legislation. The methodology included a literature review, analysis of current environmental and urban planning legislation, and mapping of the filled areas using geoprocessing and remote sensing techniques, allowing the identification of the spatial evolution of these interventions over time. The results showed a significant growth in filled areas, associated with the accelerated urbanization process and, in many cases, the absence of adequate planning. Direct impacts on hydrological dynamics were observed, such as reduced natural drainage capacity, intensified flooding, and degradation of aquatic ecosystems, in addition to the exacerbation of social vulnerabilities and economic impacts related to the loss of ecosystem services and increased public costs. Finally, the dissertation highlights the importance of continuous monitoring, strengthening public policies, and integrating urban planning and watershed management, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), aiming to promote more sustainable and resilient cities.