https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/281 2026-08-22T01:46:06Z 2026-08-22T01:46:06Z LIMA, Jayara de Sousa https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/7184 2026-08-22T00:02:57Z 2025-09-30T00:00:00Z

Título: Percepção de mudanças e riscos ambientais e suas consequências sobre o manejo do babaçu (Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng.) em duas comunidades rurais no Maranhão Autor: LIMA, Jayara de Sousa Primeiro orientador: NASCIMENTO, André Luiz Borba do Abstract: This dissertation investigated environmental risk perceptions and adaptive strategies in babassu coconut breaker communities in the municipality of Timbiras, Maranhão, focusing on the Sardinha and Alegria communities. The study was based on the premise that perceptions of environmental change and the adoption of adaptive practices are conditioned by socioeconomic, historical, and territorial factors. Semi-structured questionnaires were applied to 58 participants, including men and women, covering age, education, income, and years of experience in babassu extractivism. The analysis combined quantitative methods, such as linear and logistic regressions, with qualitative approaches, categorizing narratives about the causes, consequences, and responses to environmental changes. The results showed that risk perception alone was not statistically associated with the adoption of adaptive strategies, suggesting that collective and institutional factors play a more decisive role. However, a positive correlation was found between higher perceived risk and a greater diversity of adaptive strategies, confirming the importance of collective memory and traditional ecological knowledge. Age and experience were also significant in specific situations, such as changes in flora and rainfall patterns. Furthermore, the community context, particularly in Sardinha, proved to be a key factor in the adoption of strategies related to babassu, highlighting the role of social organization in strengthening socio-ecological resilience.Overall, the findings indicate that adaptation to environmental changes cannot be explained solely by individual attributes but results from historical, social, and cultural processes rooted in community life. By emphasizing the protagonism of babassu coconut breakers, this study contributes to debates on socio environmental resilience and climate justice. It also underscores the need for public policies that value traditional knowledge, strengthen community networks, and ensure territorial protection for these populations. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação

2025-09-30T00:00:00Z PINHEIRO, Romulo Sampaio https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6885 2026-04-07T16:29:50Z 2020-02-28T00:00:00Z

Título: “BIOMARCADORES DE EXPOSIÇÃO E EFEITO EM Crassostrea rhizophorae EXPOSTAS AOS BIOCIDAS CLOROTALONIL E DCOIT” Autor: PINHEIRO, Romulo Sampaio Primeiro orientador: JORGE, Marianna Basso Abstract: The effects of chlorothalonil and DCOIT biocides were evaluated in juveniles of Crassostrea rhizophorae through acute exposure (96 horas) to sublethal concentrations (0.1 μg/L and 10 μg/L). Toxicity was investigated by checking biochemical changes such as biotransformation capacity (glutathione Stransferase-GST activity), oxidative damage (lipoperoxidation-LPO) and cholinergic disorders (acetylcholinesterase-AChE activity) in gills, adductor muscle, and digestive gland tissue. The results showed that both compounds are toxic to oysters, leading to alterations in biotransformation capacity, an increase in lipid peroxidation and inhibition of the cholinergic system. Therefore, it is concluded that both compounds promote harmful effects to the studied species, which can be used as biomarkers of environmental contamination. In addition, the results confirm the potential use of Crassostrea rhizophorae as a monitoring organism for the analysis of these biomarkers in the environment. Moreover, it should be emphasized, the need for further studies in order to elucidate the biocides mode of actions. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação

2020-02-28T00:00:00Z SOARES, Lailda Brito https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6882 2026-04-07T13:43:07Z 2025-09-29T00:00:00Z

Título: Flora de Hypericaceae Juss. (Malpighiales) no Maranhão, Brasil Autor: SOARES, Lailda Brito Primeiro orientador: MARINHO, Lucas Cardoso Abstract: Malpighiales are one of the most diverse orders among angiosperms, with 36 families, 716 genera, and about 16,000 species. The morphological characteristics common to Malpighiales families are scarce, but there is molecular phylogenetic evidence supporting the formation of taxonomic groupings. In this order, the clusioid clade is composed of Bonnetiaceae, Calophyllaceae, Clusiaceae, Hypericaceae, and Podostemaceae. Currently, Hypericaceae has five genera distributed in temperate and tropical regions around the globe. In Brazil, there are two genera, Hypericum L. and Vismia Vand., with confirmed occurrence in all states of the country. Vismia, which has a neotropical distribution from Mexico to southeastern Brazil, is the only genus of the family found in Maranhão. The genus stands out among the Hypericaceae due to its wide distribution in the Americas, diversity, and high phytotherapeutic potential. An important ecological characteristic is that Vismia generally occurs as a pioneer in secondary forests, where it plays a crucial role in ecological succession and the restoration of native vegetation. This dissertation presents i) taxonomic studies on Vismia species occurring in the state of Maranhão and ii) an anatomical study of one of these species, V. guianensis. The dissertation is organized into two chapters: the first presents taxonomic results obtained through collections and analyses of collections, such as descriptions, photographic records, identification keys, and illustrations of the five species that occur in Maranhão, namely Vismia cayennensis, V. gracilis, V. guianensis, V. sandwithii, and V. tenuinervia. The second chapter presents the leaf and flower anatomy of V. guianensis. Therefore, this study contributes to the knowledge of the flora of Maranhão, detailing the taxonomic diversity of species of the genus Vismia occurring in the state, as well as providing an anatomical analysis of Vismia guianensis, contributing to regional botany and elucidating knowledge of the Hypericaceae family. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação

2025-09-29T00:00:00Z VIANA, Luciana Sirqueira https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6818 2026-03-04T16:32:42Z 2021-11-25T00:00:00Z

Título: Diversidade de flebotomíneos e epidemiologia das leishmanioses no nordeste do Maranhão, Brasil, no período de 2010-2019 Autor: VIANA, Luciana Sirqueira Primeiro orientador: REBELO, Jose Manuel Macario Abstract: Leishmaniasis is a zoonosis that affects some species of animals and also humans, being considered a serious public health problem. The study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological aspects of both cutaneous leishmaniasis (LT) and visceral leishmaniasis (LV) and the diversity of sandflies between the years 2010 to 2019 in the municipality of Chapadinha - MA. For this, data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) were used from January 2010 to December 2019, and the sand flies were compiled in the files of the entomology laboratories of the Federal University of Maranhão, in Chapadinha and São Luís. 367 cases of LT and 151 cases of LV were reported, with the highest frequency of notifications in males (LT: 61.85% and LV: 64.90%) and in the urban area (LT: 55.04% and LV : 74.17%). Regarding occupation, in LT the most affected patients were in the occupation of farmers (56.7%), followed by retirees (16.35%), while in LV the disease prevailed in the occupation of students (21.85%). , followed by farmers (20.53%). In relation to age groups, the LT results showed a higher percentage in the most productive ages, predominantly in the age group of 30 - 39 years (18.80%), followed by 50-59 years (14.99%) and 20-29 years (13.62%), while in VL the results showed a higher percentage in children aged 1 to 5 years (35.1%) and 6 to 10 years (15.23%) and in productive ages between 20 and 29 years (14.57%). In the study municipality, 36 sand fly species were reported, including Lutzomyia longipalpis, the vector of LV, and Nyssomyia whitmani, Ny. flaviscutellata, Ny. antunesi, Ny. umbratilis and Psychodopygus wellcomei, LT vectors, distributed in wild, rural and urban areas. Thus, leishmaniasis still constitutes a serious public health problem, affecting people without distinction. The data presented in this work provide basic subsidies on leishmaniasis that can be used by the epidemiological and entomological surveillance services of the secretary of health to direct effective measures to control these important diseases. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação

2021-11-25T00:00:00Z