https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/282 2026-09-01T02:33:26Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/7192 Título: Análise intercultural do continuum alimento-medicina em duas comunidades do nordeste brasileiro com contextos socioambientais distintos Autor: PAULA JÚNIOR, José Rodrigues de Primeiro orientador: NASCIMENTO, André Luiz Borba do Abstract: The dissertation addresses the food-medicine continuum from an intercultural perspective, investigating the biocultural factors that influence the prioritization and use of plants with nutritional and medicinal functions in two communities in the Northeast. The work is structured in two main chapters. The first chapter presents the objectives, theoretical framework and introduction, highlighting the interface between nutrition and health in socio-ecological systems. The second chapter consists of the scientific article, which details the results of the research carried out in the communities of Sítio Coelho (Petrolina-PE) and São Sebastião dos Pretos (Bacabal-MA). The methodology included ethnobotanical interviews using free lists and semi-structured interviews. Statistical analyses, such as logistic regression and log-linear models, were performed to test two hypotheses: (1) Plants with uses for food and medicine are prioritized in people's memory; (2) Different parts of the same plant are used depending on the specificity of the use. The results demonstrated that cultural and ecological factors influence the manifestation of the food-medicine continuum and that the use of multiple plant parts reflects a strategy to maximize plant resources. It is concluded that the continuum not only reinforces the cultural importance of multifunctional plants, but also highlights their adaptive relevance and potential for biodiversity conservation in different contexts. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2024-12-30T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/7184 Título: Percepção de mudanças e riscos ambientais e suas consequências sobre o manejo do babaçu (Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng.) em duas comunidades rurais no Maranhão Autor: LIMA, Jayara de Sousa Primeiro orientador: NASCIMENTO, André Luiz Borba do Abstract: This dissertation investigated environmental risk perceptions and adaptive strategies in babassu coconut breaker communities in the municipality of Timbiras, Maranhão, focusing on the Sardinha and Alegria communities. The study was based on the premise that perceptions of environmental change and the adoption of adaptive practices are conditioned by socioeconomic, historical, and territorial factors. Semi-structured questionnaires were applied to 58 participants, including men and women, covering age, education, income, and years of experience in babassu extractivism. The analysis combined quantitative methods, such as linear and logistic regressions, with qualitative approaches, categorizing narratives about the causes, consequences, and responses to environmental changes. The results showed that risk perception alone was not statistically associated with the adoption of adaptive strategies, suggesting that collective and institutional factors play a more decisive role. However, a positive correlation was found between higher perceived risk and a greater diversity of adaptive strategies, confirming the importance of collective memory and traditional ecological knowledge. Age and experience were also significant in specific situations, such as changes in flora and rainfall patterns. Furthermore, the community context, particularly in Sardinha, proved to be a key factor in the adoption of strategies related to babassu, highlighting the role of social organization in strengthening socio-ecological resilience.Overall, the findings indicate that adaptation to environmental changes cannot be explained solely by individual attributes but results from historical, social, and cultural processes rooted in community life. By emphasizing the protagonism of babassu coconut breakers, this study contributes to debates on socio environmental resilience and climate justice. It also underscores the need for public policies that value traditional knowledge, strengthen community networks, and ensure territorial protection for these populations. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2025-09-30T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6885 Título: “BIOMARCADORES DE EXPOSIÇÃO E EFEITO EM Crassostrea rhizophorae EXPOSTAS AOS BIOCIDAS CLOROTALONIL E DCOIT” Autor: PINHEIRO, Romulo Sampaio Primeiro orientador: JORGE, Marianna Basso Abstract: The effects of chlorothalonil and DCOIT biocides were evaluated in juveniles of Crassostrea rhizophorae through acute exposure (96 horas) to sublethal concentrations (0.1 μg/L and 10 μg/L). Toxicity was investigated by checking biochemical changes such as biotransformation capacity (glutathione Stransferase-GST activity), oxidative damage (lipoperoxidation-LPO) and cholinergic disorders (acetylcholinesterase-AChE activity) in gills, adductor muscle, and digestive gland tissue. The results showed that both compounds are toxic to oysters, leading to alterations in biotransformation capacity, an increase in lipid peroxidation and inhibition of the cholinergic system. Therefore, it is concluded that both compounds promote harmful effects to the studied species, which can be used as biomarkers of environmental contamination. In addition, the results confirm the potential use of Crassostrea rhizophorae as a monitoring organism for the analysis of these biomarkers in the environment. Moreover, it should be emphasized, the need for further studies in order to elucidate the biocides mode of actions. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2020-02-28T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6882 Título: Flora de Hypericaceae Juss. (Malpighiales) no Maranhão, Brasil Autor: SOARES, Lailda Brito Primeiro orientador: MARINHO, Lucas Cardoso Abstract: Malpighiales are one of the most diverse orders among angiosperms, with 36 families, 716 genera, and about 16,000 species. The morphological characteristics common to Malpighiales families are scarce, but there is molecular phylogenetic evidence supporting the formation of taxonomic groupings. In this order, the clusioid clade is composed of Bonnetiaceae, Calophyllaceae, Clusiaceae, Hypericaceae, and Podostemaceae. Currently, Hypericaceae has five genera distributed in temperate and tropical regions around the globe. In Brazil, there are two genera, Hypericum L. and Vismia Vand., with confirmed occurrence in all states of the country. Vismia, which has a neotropical distribution from Mexico to southeastern Brazil, is the only genus of the family found in Maranhão. The genus stands out among the Hypericaceae due to its wide distribution in the Americas, diversity, and high phytotherapeutic potential. An important ecological characteristic is that Vismia generally occurs as a pioneer in secondary forests, where it plays a crucial role in ecological succession and the restoration of native vegetation. This dissertation presents i) taxonomic studies on Vismia species occurring in the state of Maranhão and ii) an anatomical study of one of these species, V. guianensis. The dissertation is organized into two chapters: the first presents taxonomic results obtained through collections and analyses of collections, such as descriptions, photographic records, identification keys, and illustrations of the five species that occur in Maranhão, namely Vismia cayennensis, V. gracilis, V. guianensis, V. sandwithii, and V. tenuinervia. The second chapter presents the leaf and flower anatomy of V. guianensis. Therefore, this study contributes to the knowledge of the flora of Maranhão, detailing the taxonomic diversity of species of the genus Vismia occurring in the state, as well as providing an anatomical analysis of Vismia guianensis, contributing to regional botany and elucidating knowledge of the Hypericaceae family. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2025-09-29T00:00:00Z