https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/3974 2026-08-22T05:31:33Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/7166 Título: Microplásticos em ambientes aquáticos: uma abordagem sobre padrões metodológicos no Brasil, contaminação em peixes e percepção ambiental nas Baías de São Marcos e São José, Maranhão. Autor: SILVA, Danielle de Jesus Primeiro orientador: SILVA, Marcelo Henrique Lopes Abstract: Plastic pollution is one of the major global environmental threats, with microplastics (MPs) standing out as particularly concerning contaminants due to their widespread distribution and potential impacts. In this context, this study adopted an interdisciplinary approach to investigate the scientific knowledge, occurrence, and environmental perception related to microplastics. Initially, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify and analyze scientific publications on the presence of microplastics in Brazilian environments, as well as the methodological approaches employed. Subsequently, fish species collected from three sampling sites in the Maranhão Gulf were analyzed to assess the occurrence of microplastics in gastrointestinal tissues and muscle. The samples were processed and examined under laboratory conditions. Finally, structured questionnaires were applied in the communities of Coqueiro (São Marcos bay) and Pau Deitado (São José bay) to evaluate environmental perception among local residents. The results showed that research on microplastics has been carried out across all regions of Brazil, with a predominance of studies in marine environments and a lack of integrated data across environmental compartments. The findings also highlight the need for methodological standardization and the inclusion of analyses in edible tissues. Microplastics were detected in both the stomach and muscle of fish at all sampling sites, making this one of the first studies to record the occurrence of microplastics in muscle samples of fish found in Brazil. The estimated daily intake suggested that fish consumption may represent a pathway for human exposure to microplastics, although at relatively low levels. Regarding environmental perception, the surveyed communities demonstrated limited knowledge about microplastics, despite showing greater awareness of contamination in the studied bays. Overall, these findings reinforce the need for future studies to adopt standardized, interdisciplinary, and collaborative approaches in order to support more integrated assessments of environmental risks and potential impacts on human health. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2026-06-11T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/7126 Título: Riscos e impactos socioambientais da zona estuarina do baixo curso do rio Itapecuru, Maranhão Autor: SILVA, Valéria Galdino Silva e Primeiro orientador: ESCHRIQUE, Samara Aranha Abstract: The lower course of the Itapecuru River watershed, located in the state of Maranhão, constitutes a strategic system for environmental balance, water security, and regional socioeconomic development, playing a fundamental role in supplying the state capital, São Luís, and neighboring municipalities. This study aims to analyze the environmental and socioeconomic impacts resulting from the intensification of human activities in the region, with particular emphasis on the discharge of industrial and domestic effluents, the suppression of riparian vegetation, deforestation, and inappropriate land use. The research is based on a bibliographic review and the application of the SWOT matrix, used as an analytical tool to identify risks, vulnerabilities, strengths, and opportunities, relating the results to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The results reveal significant impacts, including degradation of riparian forests, water pollution, seasonal salinization, and impairment of the Italuís System, which is responsible for supplying the state capital. Scientific records on the watershed indicate the need for integrated public policies, effective environmental planning, and participatory management strategies aimed at protecting water resources and promoting sustainable practices aligned with the SDG targets. The adoption of such measures is essential for the conservation of the Itapecuru ecosystems and for ensuring the quality of life of riparian populations that directly depend on the river. The relevance of the lower course of the Itapecuru River extends beyond environmental aspects, encompassing biological, economic, and social dimensions, which reinforces the urgency of its conservation and sustainable management as an indispensable condition for the continuous and balanced development of local communities and the municipalities that rely on its waters for multiple uses. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2025-05-30T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/7055 Título: MONITORAMENTO MORFODINÂMICO INTEGRADO E CIÊNCIA CIDADÃ EM PRAIAS DE MACROMARÉ EM SÃO LUÍS-MA Autor: RAMOS, Rivaldo Junior Pinto Primeiro orientador: PARISE, Claudia Klose Abstract: This study analyzes coastal dynamics along the coast of São Luís (MA) using an integrated approach that combines high-resolution geotechnologies and citizen science. The coastal zone of Ilha do Maranhão, characterized by a semi-diurnal macrotidal regime with amplitudes of up to 6.5 m, presents high morphodynamic complexity and vulnerability to erosive processes. The methodology consisted of topographic monitoring of Olho d'Água Beach using GNSS-RTK and photogrammetry to generate Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and calculate sediment balance, in addition to implementing the CoastSnap-MA project on Ponta d'Areia and Olho d'Água beaches to assess social engagement in participatory monitoring. The results of the morphological analysis indicate a seasonal control of the system: during the dry season, the intensification of waves and winds favors erosive processes and the formation of tidal channels, with the low tide bar/rip stage predominating. During the rainy season, the reduction in hydrodynamic energy promotes the redistribution and retention of sediments, resulting in smoother profiles. The lower sectors of the beach (mid- and lower intertidal zones) were identified as the most vulnerable, with altimetric variations of up to 0.5 m. Regarding citizen science, CoastSnap-MA registered 1,198 participants from 26 Brazilian states and 10 countries, demonstrating high potential for environmental awareness and dissemination of ocean culture, although engagement was asymmetrical among beaches due to infrastructure factors and user flow. It is concluded that integrating high-precision methods with community participation offers a robust and innovative database to support coastal management strategies and adaptation to climate change in the region. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2026-04-30T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/7054 Título: Turismo de base comunitária como estratégia para a sustentabilidade socioambiental Autor: BARROS, Marina de Araujo Primeiro orientador: MOCHEL, Flávia Rebelo Abstract: Tourism, as an interdisciplinary phenomenon, encompasses economic, social, cultural, and environmental dimensions. Coastal areas stand out for their high tourism attractiveness, as they combine leisure spaces, scenic beauty, rich biodiversity, and the presence of traditional communities. However, these environments exhibit significant vulnerability, making them susceptible to the negative impacts arising from tourism activities. The practice of visitation and its socio-environmental implications highlight the need for sustainable development models, emphasizing Community-Based Tourism (CBT) as a strategy capable of promoting environmental conservation, social inclusion, and cultural valorization. The community of Mangue Seco, located in the municipality of Raposa, Maranhão, Brazil, receives visitors spontaneously, offering services and cultural events within a dynamic that occurs without adequate planning and with limited community protagonism, thereby restricting benefits and intensifying negative impacts. This research is grounded in the hypothesis that CBT can significantly contribute to local socio-environmental sustainability. Accordingly, the study aimed to analyze the relationship between the community and visitation dynamics as a strategy for the implementation of CBT. Methodologically, a qualitative-quantitative approach was adopted, with an exploratory-descriptive nature, based on six field visits conducted between 2024 and 2026, the application of 32 semi-structured questionnaires, content analysis, and ethnographic and phenomenological approaches, as well as the use of Oral History. Furthermore, the community’s suitability for CBT implementation was assessed through an integrated analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators, based on an adaptation of the Tourist Attractiveness Index (IAT) methodology. A socio-environmental diagnosis was developed to understand the social, environmental, and territorial characteristics that may influence the development of CBT in the community, enabling an integrated interpretation of local conditions and of respondents’ perceptions regarding the community and visitation practices. Additionally, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was employed to analyze the diagnostic variables. The results indicated a mean TAI of 2.90, revealing tourism potential of regional relevance, particularly in biophysical and social attributes, although with limitations related to infrastructure and management. The socio-environmental diagnosis highlighted the community’s strong relationship with natural resources, especially the mangrove ecosystem, as well as the occurrence of spontaneous tourism, which generates income but also produces negative impacts such as waste and pollution. Despite limited formal knowledge about CBT, residents demonstrated perceptions aligned with its principles. It is concluded that the community presents favorable conditions for the development of CBT, provided that participatory planning strategies, the strengthening of local governance, and community capacity building are implemented. As a contribution, this study provides support for sustainable tourism planning, assisting decision-making processes and the formulation of policies and integrated actions aimed at socio-environmental sustainability. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2026-04-16T00:00:00Z